Contents

• Unit 1. Introduction: Objective, scope and outcome of the course.

   

  Unit 2. Introduction to database systems: Overview and History of DBMS. File System v/s DBMS.Advantage of DBMS Describing and Storing Data in a DBMS.Queries in DBMS.Structure of a DBMS. Entity Relationship model: Overview of Data Design Entities, Attributes and Entity Sets, Relationship and Relationship Sets. Features of the ER Model- Key Constraints, Participation Constraints, Weak Entities, Class Hierarchies, Aggregation, Conceptual Data Base, and Design with ER Model- Entity v/s Attribute, Entity vs Relationship Binary vs Ternary Relationship and Aggregation v/s ternary Relationship Conceptual Design for a Large Enterprise.

   

  Unit 3. Relationship Algebra and Calculus: Relationship Algebra Selection and Projection, Set Operations, Renaming, Joints, Division, Relation Calculus, Expressive Power of Algebra and Calculus. SQL queries programming and Triggers: The Forms of a Basic SQL Query, Union, and Intersection and Except, Nested Queries, Correlated Nested Queries, Set-Comparison Operations, Aggregate Operators, Null Values and Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, ODBC and JDBC, Triggers and Active Databases.

   

  Unit 4. Schema refinement and Normal forms: Introductions to Schema Refinement, Functional Dependencies, Boyce-Codd Normal Forms, Third Normal Form, Normalization-Decomposition into BCNF Decomposition into 3- NF.

   

  Unit 5. Transaction Processing: Introduction-Transaction State, Transaction properties, Concurrent Executions. Need of Serializability, Conflict vs. View Serializability, Testing for Serializability, Recoverable Schedules, Cascadeless Schedules.

   

  Unit 6. Concurrency Control: Implementation of Concurrency: Lock-based protocols, Timestamp-based protocols, Validation-based protocols, Deadlock handling, Database Failure and Recovery: Database Failures, Recovery Schemes: Shadow Paging and Log-based Recovery, Recovery with Concurrent transactions.