Contents

• 1. Embedded System Design-Overview
   
  Introduction, Important Terms.
   
  2. Introduction to Embedded System

  Introduction, Definition of Embedded System, Block Diagram of Embedded System, Central Processing Unit (CPU), Memory, Input Devices ,Output Devices, Communication Interface, Application Specific Circuitry, The Embedded System Design Process, Requirements ,Specification, Architecture Design,  Designing Hardware and Software Components,  System Integration ,Challenges in Embedded Computing System Design , Performance in Embedded Computing, Key Features of Embedded System, Categories of Embedded Systems, Stand Alone Embedded Systems, Real-Time Systems, Networked Information Appliances, Mobile Devices,

  Requirements of Embedded System , Embedded Hardware and Software Development, Embedded System Hardware Processes, Embedded Processors, Microprocessor, Microcontroller,

  Digital Signal Processor (DSP),  Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) ,

  Difference between Microprocessor and Microcontroller, Microcontroller in Embedded System, Essential Feature for Choosing Microcontroller, Processor Architecture, Microcontroller Architecture, Selection of a Microcontroller, Memories in Embedded System, RAM, ROM,  Hybrids, TRISTATE Devices, DMA (Direct Memory Access), Address Register, Terminal Count Register, Mode Set Register and Status Register, Operating Modes of DMA Controller, UART, PLD (Programmable Logic Devices), Features of PLDs, CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic (PAL), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) , System on Chip, Structure, Architecture, Solved Questions, Review Questions

   
  3. Interrupts and Scheduling
   
  Introduction, Interrupt Terminologies,  Interrupt Sources, Interrupt Service Routine (ISR), Interrupt Vector Address, Interrupt Vector  Table, Interrupt State, Execution Process of Interrupt,Multiple Source of Interrupt, Internal Interrupt, External Interrupts, Software Error Related Hardware, Interrupt or Exceptions,  Software Interrupts,  Maskable Interrupts, Non Maskable Interrupts, Activation techniques of Interrupt, Level Triggered Interrupt, Edge Triggered Interrupt, Interrupt Queuing, Context and the Periods for Context Switching, Interrupt Latancy, Shared Data Problem, Solution of Shared Data Problem,  Critical Section, Priority Inversion, Priority Inheritance Protocol, Priority Ceiling Protocol, Blocking, Scheduling Models, Cooperative Scheduling Modelor Functional Queue Scheduling, Priority Based co-operative Scheduling, Cyclic and Round Robin Scheduling, Use of Real Time Operating System, Solved Questions, Review Questions.
   
  4. Real Time Operating System

  Introduction, Real Time Operating System, Features, Functions of Real Time Operating System, Types of RTOS, Hard Real Time Versus Soft Real Time System, Timing Constraints, Necessary Requirement of RTOS, Process, Thread and Task in RTOS, Task States, Structure of Task Control Block in RTOS, Differences between Task, Function and ISR, Inter Task Communication, or Inter Process Communication (IPC), Signal Function, Semaphores, Queue,  Mailbox Function, PIPE Function, RPC Functions, Timer Function, Interrupts Routines in RTOS Environment, Solved Questions, Review Questions.

   
  5. Embedded System Software Design Principles

  Introduction, Embedded Software System’s Development Environment, Software Architecture of an Embedded System, Operating System in Software Development, Non Real Time Operating System, Real Time Operating System, Handheld/Mobile Operating Systems, Main Features of Operating Systems, Commercial Real Time Operating Systems,  QNX Neutrino, VX Works,  Micro C/OS II, RT Linux,  VRTX (Virtual Real Time Executive) ,  Embedded Operating Systems, Embedded NT,

  Windows XP Embedded,  Embedded Linux,  Handheld Operating System, Palm OS, Symbian OS Windows CE, Windows CE.NET, Software Architecture of RTOS Kernel, Types of RTOS Kernel, RTOS for Safety Critical Systems,  Protection in Time Domain, Protection in Space Domain, Secure Operating System Architecture Providing Protection in Time Domain, Protection in Space Domain, Multi-Core Architectures, Real-Time Requirements of Multimedia Application, Embedded System Software Design using an RTOS, Characteristics of Real-Time Tasks, Parameters of Real Time Task, Classification of Tasks, Real-Time Scheduling, Coding issues of embedded software, Programming Languages for Embedded Software, Assembly Language Programming, High Level Languages, Solved Questions, Review Questions.

  6. Programming of Real Time Operating System

  Introduction, Tasks and Task States, Tasks–1, Tasks and Data, Tasks – 25.7, Semaphores and Shared Data – A New Tool for Atomicity, Semaphores and Shared Data – 1, Semaphores and Shared Data – 2, Semaphores and Shared Data – 3, Semaphores and Shared Data – 4

  7. Embedded Software Development & Testing Tools

  Introduction, Embedded Software System’s Development Process, Embedded Software Development Tools, Host and Target Systems, Cross Compilers, Linkers, Locators, Getting Embedded Software in to Target System, Serial Lines, EPROM and FLASH, Parallel Ports, From Disk, Ethernet, Across a Common Bus, Target Image Creation Tools, For Windows XP Embedded, For Micro Controller ATMega128 based Development Board Porting of RTOS, For 89C51 Microcontroller Plat Form, Testing,  Types of Testing, Testing on Host Machine,Debugging Techniques, Emulation, JTAG,

  OnCE: On Chip Emulation, BDM: Back Ground Debug Made, Testing on Target System, Functional Testing, Performance Testing, Environmental Testing, EMI Testing, Logic Analyzer, Modes of Logic Analyzer, Limitations of Logic Analyzer,
  In Circuit Emulator (ICE), Monitor, Other Tools for Testing, VxSim, Features of VxSim, Memscope, Stethoscope, Scopeprofile, Tracescope, Bit Rate Meter, Oscilloscope, Multimeter/Volt-Ohm meter, Packaging, Solved Questions, Review Question

  Paper