Contents

• 1. Concepts of Programming Languages

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  Objectives, Introduction, Reasons for Studying Programming Languages, Brief History of Programming Languages, Features of Good Programming Languages, Language Design Issues, Influences on Language Design, Computer Architecture, Programming Methodologies, Programming Environments, The Operation of Computers, Language Paradigm, Language Translators, The Analysis-Synthesis Model of Compilation, Phases of Compiler, Usage of Compiler Technology, Virtual Computers and Binding Times, Virtual Computers and Language Implementations, Binding and Binding Time, Languages Syntax and Semantics, Syntax, Semantics, Language Pragmatics, Efficiency, Regularity, Summary, Review Question.

   

  2. Elementary Data Types

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  Objectives, Introduction, Properties of Types and Objects, Data Objects, Variable and Constants, Data Types, Type Equivalence, Checking and Conversion, Type Equivalence, Type Checking, Type Conversion, Vectors, Array, One-Dimensional Arrays, Two Dimensional Array, Multi-Dimensional Arrays, Associative Arrays, Lists, Linked List Operations, Types of Linked List, Structures, Declaration, Member Access, Primitive Subtype, Function Types, Sets, Operations, Dynamic Set Structures Typically the Add, Implementations, Multiset, Files, File Concepts and File Operations, Types of Files, Records, Summary, Review Question.

   

  3. Sequence and Subprogram Control

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  Objectives, Introduction, Implicit and Explicit Sequence Control, Sequencing with Arithmetic Expressions, Tree-Structure Representation, Subprogram, Fundamentals of Subprograms, General Subprogram Characteristics, Basic Definitions, Call & Return Mechanism, Implementing Subprogram Call & Return Mechanism, Recursive Subprogram, Design Issues for Subprograms, Activation Records, Sub Program Environment, Conditional Statement, Selection Statement, Iterative Statements, Exception Handling, Summary, Review Question.

   

  4. Scope and Parameter Mechanism

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  Objectives, Introduction, Scope: Static and Dynamic, Static Scoping (Lexical Scoping), Dynamic Scope, Block Structure, Local and Shared Data, Tasks, Task Management, Synchronization of Tasks, Interrupts, Semaphores, Parameter Passing and Parameter Transmission, Actual and Formal Parameters, Methods for Transmitting Parameters, Local and Common Environments, Summary, Review Question.

   

  5. Abstract Data Type and Storage Management

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  Objectives, Introduction, Object Oriented Features, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Information Hiding, Abstract Data Type, Evolution of the Data Type Concept, Type Definitions, Storage Class, Automatic Storage Class, Register Storage Class, Static Storage Class, External Storage Class, Storage Management, Static and Stack Based Storage Management, Fixed and Variable Size Heap Storage, Garbage Collection, Java Virtual Machine, Existence of JVM in Java, Summary, Review Question.

   

  P. Paper