Contents

• 1. Data Transmission, Data Link Layer and Flow Control Techniques

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  Introduction, Data Transmission Terminology, Transmission System in Communication, Convention and Terminology, Frequency, Spectrum and Bandwidth, Analog and Digital Transmission, Transmission Impairments, Channel Capacity using Sampling Theorem, Shannon’s Law, Sampling Theorem, Fourier Series, Transmission Medium, Guided Media, Wireless Transmission Media, Antenna, Antenna Properties, Classification of Antenna, Microwave Transmission, Importance of Microwave Communication, Terrestrial Microwave, Satellite Communication, Propagation Modes, Ground Wave Propagation (<2MHz), Sky Wave Propagation (2 to 30 MHz), Line of Sight (Space Wave) Propagation (>30 MHz), Fundamental Equation for Free Space Loss in LOS Propagation, Line Encoding Schemes, Unipolar, Polar, Bipolar, Concept of Bit Period Rate, Effect of Clock Skew, Synchronous and Asynchronous, Protocols and Layered Architecture, OSI Model, Functions of the Layers, TCP/IP Protocol, The TCP/IP Model, TCP/IP Model Layers, Functions Performed by Data Link Layer, Data Link Layer-Design and Design Issues, Design Issues, Flow Control, Stop and Wait ARQ, Sliding Window ARQ (Go-Back-N ARQ), Go-Back-N ARQ Sender Window Size, Performance of Protocols used for Flow Control, Protocol Performance for Stop-and-Wait Protocol, Protocol Performance for Sliding Window Protocol, Optimum Frame Size for ARQs, Solved Numericals, Review Questions.
   
  2. Error Control Coding

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  Introduction, Reasons for Errors, Types of Errors, Error Detection, Parity Check, Checksum, Polynomial Codes/CRC, Linear Codes, Error Correcting Methods, Hamming Codes, Minimum Distance Consideration, Forward Error Correction, Parity Coding, Performance of Linear Code, Error Detection Performance, Error Correction Performance, Error Control, Error Detection and Correction or Error Control, Solved Numericals, Review Questions.
   
  3. Data Link Control (Channel Allocation)

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  Introduction, High Level Data Link Control (HDLC), HDLC Stations And Configurations, HDLC Frame Structure, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), PPP Overview, History and Benefits, PPP Advantages and Benefits, PPP Components, PPP General Operation, PPP Frame Format, Media Access Control Layer, MAC Frame Format, Random Access, Channel Allocation Problem, Multiple Access Protocols, ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, Carrier Sense Multiple Access Protocols (CSMA), Persistent and Nonpersistent CSMA, Performance of Non-Persistent CSMA, CSMA with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), Frame Format of CSMA/CD, Collision Free Protocols, A Bit–Map Protocol, Binary Countdown, Round Robin, Throughput of CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, Delay Performance Analysis, Performance of an Ethernet Channel, Solved Numericals, Review Questions.
   
  4. Wireless LAN, Bluetooth & Data Link Layer Switching

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  Introduction, Hidden Node and Exposed Node Problems, Wireless LAN Protocols (Based on RTS/CTS), Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA), MACAW, IEEE 802.11, System Architecture of IEEE 802.11, Protocol Architecture of IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Protocol Architecture, Radio Layer, Baseband Layer, Data Link Layer Switching, Bridges, Bridge Architecture, Functions of Bridge, Transparent Bridges, Spanning Tree Bridges, Virtual LANs (VLAN), VLAN Membership, VLAN Benefits, Review Questions.
   
  5. Multiplexing and Switching Techniques

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  Introduction, Multiplexing, Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time-division Multiplexing (TDM), Comparison between TDM and FDM, Digital Subscriber Line, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), Modulation Technique of ADSL, ADSL Equipment Configuration Setup, Features of ADSL, DS1 and DS3 Carriers, DS1 (T1) vs DS3 (T3), Multiple Access, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Single Channel Per Carrier (SCPC), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), TDMA Frame Structure, Example of TDMA Access Method, TDMA Burst Structure, Types of TDMA Burst, TDMA Frame Efficiency, TDMA Super Frame Structure, Frame Acquisition and Synchronization, Slip Rate in Digital Terrestrial Network, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Features of CDMA, Switching, Circuit Switching, Circuit Switching Services, Space Division Switching, Time Division Switching, Time Slot Interchange, TDM Bus, Time Division Switching Network, Time-Space-Time Switching Networks, Solved Numericals, Review Questions.
   
  6. Spread Spectrum Techniques and CDMA

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  Introduction, Advantages of Spread Spectrum, Direct Sequence-Spread Spectrum (DS-SS), Performance of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, Frequency Hopped Spread Spectrum (FH-SS), Performance of Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum, Spread Spectrum Code Division Multiple Access, Direct Sequence CDMA, Frequency Hopping CDMA (FH-CDMA), Time Hopping CDMA (TH-CDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Advantages, Frequency and Channel Specifications of CDMA, Forward Link in CDMA IS-95 Systems, Reverse Link in CDMA IS-95 Systems, Forward CDMA Channel, Reverse CDMA Channel, Spreading Sequences, PN Sequences, Generation of PN Sequences, Orthogonal Codes, Synchronization in Spread Spectrum System, CDMA Power Control, Capacity of CDMA System, Hand off in CDMA, Third Generation Systems, Attentive Interface, Services in IMT-2000 Networks, Implementation of W-CDMA in 3G, Different Modes of Operation in W-CDMA, W-CDMA Frame Structure, Key Features of W-CDMA, W-CDMA Technical Specifications, 3G Mobile Communication Technology with W-CDMA, Solved Numericals, Review Questions.
   
  P. Paper