Contents

• Unit–I Human Body Sub–Systems

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  Introduction, Human Body Structure, Basic Concept of Medical Instrumentation System, Problems in Sensing Physiological Signals, The Origin of Bio–potentials, Review Questions.
   
  Unit–II Transducers and Electrodes

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  Introduction, Principles and Classifications of Transducers for Biomedical Applications, Selection Criterion for Transducers, Electrode Theory, Different Types of Electrodes, Practical Hints in Using Electrodes, Review Questions.
   
  Unit–III Cardiovascular System Measurements

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  Introduction, Measurement of Blood Pressure, Measurement of Blood Flow, Cardiac Output Measurement, Heart Sounds and Phonocardiograph, Electro Cardiograph, Plethysmograph, Echocardiograph, Review Question.
   
  Unit–IV Instrumentation for Clinical Laboratory

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  Introduction, Blood gas and Acid–Base Physiology, Measurement of pH value of blood, Measurement of CO2 concentration in blood, Measurement of O2 concentration in blood, Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Hemoglobin Measurement, Spectrophotometry, Chromatography, Hematology, Review Questions.
   
  Unit–V Measurement of Neuromuscular Activity

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  Introduction, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG), Electroretinogram (ERG), Electrooculogram (EOG), Electronystagmogram (ENG), Review Questions.
   
  Unit–VI Medical Imaging

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  Introduction, Diagnostic X–Rays, Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT), Ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Thermography, Nuclear Medicine, Endoscopy, Review Questions.
   
  Unit–VII Patient Care Monitoring and Safety Measures

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  Introduction, Elements of Intensive Care Monitoring, Electrical Safety, Review Questions.
   
  Unit–VIII Computer Application and Biotelemetry

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  Introduction, Computer – An Overview, Computer Application in Medical Equipments, Biotelemetry, Review Questions.
   
  Unit–IX Therapeutic and Prosthetic Devices

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  Introduction, Cardiac Pacemakers, Classification of Pacemakers, Defibrillators, Ventilators, Muscle Stimulators, Diathermy, Heart–Lung Machines, Hemodialysis, Applications of Lasers, Review Questions.
   
  Unit–X Biomedical Recording Systems

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  Introduction, Basic Recording System, Basic Requirements of Bioelectric Amplifiers, Sources of Noise in Low Level Measurements, Signal Conditioning, Pre–amplifiers, Biomedical Signal Processing Techniques, Writing and Recording Systems, Biomedical Recorders, Review Questions.
   
  Appendixes
  I. Units of Measurement
  II. Medical Glossary
  III. Electronics Glossary
   
  P. Papers