Contents

• Unit I Economics of Power Generation: Introduction, cost of electrical energy, expression for cost of electrical energy, depreciation, power plant cost analysis, economics in plant selection, selection of types of generation and types of equipments, factors effecting economic generations and distributions, generating cost, economics of different types of generating plants.

  Unit II Economical Operations of thermal power plants: Methods of loading turbo generators, input, output and heat rate characteristics, incremental cost, two generations units, large no of units, sequence of adding units, effects of transmission losses, economic scheduling considering transmission losses, coordination equations, penalty factors

  Unit III Hydro Thermal coordination: Advantages of combined operation, base load peak load operation requirement, combined working of run-off river and steam plant, reservoirs hydroplants and thermal plants (long term operational aspects), short term hydro thermal coordination, coordination equations, scheduling methods and applications.

  Unit IV Parallel Operations of Generators: Conditions, synchronizing current and power, two alternators in parallel (effect of change in excitation, load sharing, sharing of load currents), Infinite bus bars, active and reactive power control, synchronizing power, torque, operating limits of alternators, operating characteristics of cylindrical alternator rotor.

  Unit V Economics for Electrical Engineers: Concepts of physical and financial efficiencies of electrical goods and services, supply and demand, break even and minimum cost analysis, linear and nonlinear break even, min cist analysis.