Contents

• Unit-1 (i) Percent and per unit quantities. Single line diagram for a balanced 3- phase system. (ii) Admittance Model: Branch and node admittances. Equivalent admittance network and calculation of Ybus. Modification of an existing Ybus.

  Unit-2 (i) Impendence Model: Bus admittance and impedance matrices. Thevenin’s theorem and Zbus. Direct determination of Zbus. Modification of an existing bus. (ii) Symmetrical Fault Analysis: Transient on a transmission line, short circuit of a synchronous machine on no load, short circuit of a loaded synchronous machine. Equivalent circuits of synchronous machine under sub transient, transient and steady state conditions. Selection of circuit breakers, Algorithm for short circuit studies. Analysis of 3-phase faults.

  Unit-3 (i) Symmetrical Components: Fortescure theorem, symmetrical component transformation. Phase shift in star-delta transformers. Sequence Impedances of transmission lines, Synchronous Machine and Transformers, zero sequence network of transformers and transmission lines. Construction of sequence networks of power system. (ii) Fault Analysis: Analysis of single line to ground faults using symmetrical components, connection of sequence networks under the fault condition.

  Unit-4 Unsymmetrical Fault Analysis: (i) Analysis of line-to-line and double line to ground faults using symmetrical components, connection of sequence networks under fault conditions. (ii) Analysis of unsymmetrical shunt faults using bus impedance matrix method.

  Unit-5 Load Flow Analysis: Load flow problem, development of load flow equations, bus classification. Gauss Seidel, Newton Raphson, decoupled and fast decoupled methods for load flow analysis.  Comparison of load flow methods.

   
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