Contents

• 1. Supply and Distribution Systems

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  Introduction, Basic Network of Power System, Transmission and Distribution Voltage, Effect of System Voltage on Size of Conductor and Losses, Different Systems of Power Transmission, Comparison of Conductor Material in Overhead System, Comparison of Conductor Material in Underground System, Distribution Systems, Classification of Distribution System, Primary and Secondary Distribution System (AC Distribution), Feeders, Distributor and Distribution System, Kelvin’s Law for Conductor Size, Solved Examples, Review Questions.
   
  2. Mechanical Features of Overhead Lines

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  Introduction, Main Components of Overhead Lines, Conductor Materials, Types of Conductor Materials, Line Supports, Types of Supports, Conductor Arrangements, Spacing & Clearances, Conductor Configuration, Conductor Spacings, Conductor Clearances, Conductor Sag and Tension in Overhead Lines, Sag in Overhead Lines, Calculation of Sag and Tension, Effect of Wind and Ice Loading, Stringing Chart, Sag Template, Conductor Vibrations and Vibration Dampers, Solved Examples, Review Questions.
   
  3. Parameters of Transmission Lines

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  Introduction, Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance of Overhead Line, Effect of Earth on the Capacitance of Transmi-ssion Line, Effect of Earth on the Capacitance of a Single-Phase Transmission-line, Transposition of Overhead Lines, Geometrical Mean Radius or Self-GMD and Mutual-GMD, Inductance Formulas in Terms of GMD, Flux Linkage of One Conductor in a Group of Conductors, Inductance of Three-Phase Double Circuit Line, Inductance of Three-Phase Double-Circuit line with Symmetrical Spacing (Hexagonal), Inductance of a Three-Phase Double-Circuit with Unsymmetrical Spacing but Transpose, Inductance of Three-Phase Double Circuit with Unsymmetrical Spacing (Untransposed), Capacitance of a Three-Phase Double-Circuit Line, Capacitance of Three-Phase Double Circuit Line with Symmetrical Spacing (Hexagonal), Capacitance of Three-Phase Double Circuit Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing, Current Distortion Effect, Skin Effect, Proximity Effect, Performance of Transmission Line, Classification of Transmission Line, Term Related to Performance of Transmission Line, Short Transmission Lines, Medium Transmission Line, Solved Examples, Review Questions.
   
  4. Performance of Long Transmission Lines & Corona

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  Introduction, Generalized Circuit Constants, Long Transmission Line and its Performance, Analysis of Long Transmission Line (Rigorous Method), Surge Impedance and Surge Impedance Loading (S.I.L.), Evaluation of ABCD Constants, Equivalent Network of a Long Transmission Line, Long Line Representation by Equivalent T–Network, Long Line Representation by Equivalent ?–Network, Ferranti Effect, Interference of Power Line with Neighbouring Communication Circuit, Power Flow Through Transmission Line, Corona, Electric Stress between Parallel Conductors, Disruptive Critical Voltage and Dielectric Strength, Visual Critical Voltage, Factor Affecting Corona, Corona Power Loss, Factor Affecting Corona Loss, Effect of Corona, Methods of Reducing or Avoiding Corona, Advantages and Disadvantages of Corona, Solved Examples, Review Questions.
   
  5. Insulators

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  Introduction, Insulator Materials, Types of Insulators, Pin Type Insulators, Suspension Type Insulators, Comparison between Pin and Suspension Type Insulators, Strain Insulators, Shackle Insulators, Post Insulators, Stay Insulators, Causes of Insulator Failure, Testing of Insulators, Voltage or Potential Distribution across an Insulator String, String Efficiency, Methods of Improving String Efficiency, Arcing Horn and Grading Ring, Solved Examples, Review Questions.
   
  6. Underground Cables

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  Introduction, General Construction of a Cable, Requirement of the Cable, Cable Conductors, Insulating Material for Cables, Types of Cables, Low Voltage (or L.T ) Cables, High Voltage (or H.T.) Cables, Supertension (S.T.) Cables, Extra High Tension (E.H.T) Cables, Pressure Cables, Insulation Resistance of Cables, Capacitance of a Single Core Cables, Dielectric Stress in a Cable, Economical Core Diameter, Grading of Cables, Capacitance Grading, Intersheath Grading, Capacitance of a Three-Core Cable, Measurement of Cc and CS, Heating of Cables, Thermal Characteristics, Methods of Laying Underground Cables, Types of Cable Faults, Failure of Underground Cables, Causes of Failure of Underground Cables, Breakdown Voltage, Causes of Breakdown, Solved Examples, Review QQuestions.
   
  P. Paper