Contents

• 1. Overview of Computer Aided Designs

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  Introduction, Definition of CAD, Computer Graphics, Applications of Computer Graphics, Application of Computer in Design, Geometric Modelling, Engineering Analysis, Design Review and Evaluation, Automated Drafting, Input Devices, Keyboard, Mouse, Track Ball, Joystick, Light Pen, Scanner, Digitizing Tablets, Output Devices, Plotters, Printers, Display Devices, Refresh Display System, DVST (Direct View Storage Tube), Raster Display System, Picture Generation, Coordinate Systems, Scan Converting Lines, A Simple Solution, Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) Algorithm, Bresenham’s Line Algorithm, Mid Point Line Algorithm, Scan-Converting Circle, General Method, Bresenham’s Circle Generation, Mid Point Circle Algorithm, Scan Converting Ellipse, Mid Point Ellipse Algorithm, Graphics Standards, Graphical Kernel System (GKS), Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES), Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), Drawing Exchange Format (DXF), Different Types of Models, Solved Examples, Review Questions.
   
  2. Parametric Representation of Curves

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  Introduction, Wire Frame Modelling, Advantages of Wire frame Modelling, Disadvantages of Wire frame Modelling, Curves, Representation of Curve, Plane Curves, Space Curves, Evaluating Points on Curves, Blending of Curves, Solved Examples, Review Questions.
   
  3. Surface and Solid Models

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  Introduction, Surface Models, Surface Entity, Surface Representation, Geodesic, Synthetic, Hermite Bicubic Surface, Bezier Surfaces, B-Spline Surface, Analytic Surfaces, Solid Models, Solid Entities, Combination of Solids, Solid Representation, Regularized Boolean Operations, Boundary Representation (B-Rep), Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG), Comparison between Different type of Modelling, Difference between Surface Model and Wireframe Model, Difference between Surface and Solid Models, Review Questions.
   
  4. Transformations

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  Introduction, Basic Transformation, Translation, Scaling, Rotation, Two Dimensional Rotation About an Arbitrary Axis, Reflection, Shear, Homogeneous Representation, Three Dimensional Geometric Transformations, 3-D Translation, 3-D Rotation, 3-D Scaling, 3-D Reflection, 3-D Shear, Composite Transformations or Concatenated Transformations, Two Successive Translations, Two Successive Rotations, Rotation about an Arbitrary Point in Space, Two Successive Scaling, Scaling about an Arbitrary Point, Reflection Relative to Line y = x, Shear Relative to Arbitrary Line, Composite Transformation in 3D, Projections of Geometric Models, Perspective Projection, Parallel Projection, Solved Examples, Review Questions.
   
  5. Clipping and Viewing Transformation

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  Introduction, Clipping, Point Clipping, Line Clipping, Polygon Clipping, Curve Clipping, Text Clipping, Coordinate System, Viewing Transformation, Hidden Line Removal, Hidden Line Removal Algorithm, Algorithm Technique, The Visibility Technique, Sorting, Formulation and Implementation, Sample Hidden Line Algorithm, The Priority Algorithm, Area-oriented Algorithm, Hidden-Line Removal for Curved Surfaces, Hidden Surface Removal, The z-Buffer Algorithm, Warnock’s Algorithm, Shading and Rendering, Review Questions.
   
  P. Paper