Contents

• Unit 1. Basic Concepts and definitions of Thermodynamics: System, Surroundings, Property, Energy, Thermodynamic Equilibrium, Process, work and modes of work. Zeroth and First Law of  Thermodynamics: Zeroth of Thermodynamics, Temperature scale, First law of thermodynamics, First law analysis of some elementary processes. Steady and unsteady flow energy equations.

  Unit 2. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Heat engine, Heat pump and refrigerator, Second law of thermodynamics, Equivalence of the Kelvin-Plank and Clausius statements. Reversible and Irreversible Processes, Carnot engine, Efficiency of a Carnot engine, Carnot principle, thermodynamic temperature scale, Clausis Inequality. Entropy: Entropy, Calculation of Entropy change, Principle of entropy increase. Temperature-Entropy diagram, Second law analysis of a control volume. Availability: Available energy, Loss in available energy, Availability Function, Irreversibility

  Unit 3. Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids: Pure substance, Concept of Phase, Graphical representation of p-v-T data, Properties of steam. Steam tables, Mollier chart Ideal Gas and Real Gas: Ideal gas, Real gas, Internal energy, enthalpy and specific heats of an ideal gas, equations of state, Dalton’s law of partial pressures, Gibbs Dalton law, Thermodynamic properties of gas mixtures.

  Unit 4. Thermodynamic Relations: Thermodynamic variables, Independent and dependent variables, Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations, Thermodynamic relations involving entropy, Thermodynamic relations involving enthalpy and internal energy, Joule- Thomson coefficient, Clapeyron equation. Power Cycles: Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Dual cycle, Brayton cycle and Ericsson cycle.

  Unit 5. Vapour power cycle: Rankine cycle, effect of operating conditions on its efficiency, properties of ideal working fluid in vapour power cycle Reheat cycle, regenerative cycle, bleeding extraction cycle, feed water heating co-generation cycle.